HER2-人表皮生長因子受體2(human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, , c-erbB-2)是由位于人17q21染色體的erbB2基因編碼產(chǎn)生,是EGFR家族成員之一。HER2蛋白是一個分子量為185kDa的跨膜糖蛋白,在很多類型的組織細(xì)胞表面均有表達(dá),例如乳腺和胃上皮等,HER2與(EGFRs)家族成員緊密結(jié)合形成二聚體后從而激活了激酶介導(dǎo)的下游信號通路(例如細(xì)胞增殖和遷移)。HER2基因通過拷貝數(shù)的擴(kuò)增導(dǎo)致HER2蛋白的過表達(dá),HER2基因擴(kuò)增和HER2蛋白過表達(dá)在許多腫瘤重都有報道,且HER2陽性(基因擴(kuò)增或蛋白過表達(dá))與腫瘤的惡性程度密切相關(guān),HER2陽性的腫瘤表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)的轉(zhuǎn)移能力和侵潤能力,對化療的敏感性也較差,且易復(fù)發(fā)。在包括乳腺癌、胃癌、肺癌等多種惡性腫瘤中,HER2陽性提示預(yù)后不良及生存期短。
熒光原位雜交(FISH)檢測方法能客觀、準(zhǔn)確地反映HER2基因的狀態(tài),可重復(fù)性好,并可以判斷其所在染色體17號的非整倍體性, 是臨床HER2檢測的“金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。
乳腺癌
大約15-30%的浸潤性乳腺癌存在HER2基因的擴(kuò)增或蛋白過表達(dá);
胃癌
HER2狀態(tài)(IHC3+或IHC2+/ ISH+)是中晚期GC和GJC的一個預(yù)測因子。
結(jié)直腸癌
膀胱癌
參考文獻(xiàn)
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